Antibacterial Activity Of Ethanol Extracts Research Articles

Antibacterial activity of Kemloko fruit ethanol extract (Phyllanthus emblica L.) against Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA bacteria

Background: Indonesia is a tropical country, so the prevalence of infectious diseases caused by bacteria remains high. On the other hand, the high use of antibacterial ingredients in Indonesia causes bacterial resistance to existing antibacterial drugs. One of the herbal plants that some people widely use is Kemloko fruit. This study aimed to determine the activity of Kemloko fruit (Phyllanthus emblica L.) ethanol extract against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria. Methods: Simplicia of Kemloko fruit were tested for secondary metabolites and characterization test of the simplicia. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using the diffusion method, where the disc paper was immersed in the test solution with the ratio of the test concentration. Results: The results of phytochemical screening showed that the secondary metabolite compounds of Kemloko fruit are alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins, and glycosides. Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Kemloko fruit with agar diffusion method effectively inhibits S. aureus bacteria, namely at a concentration of 80 mg/ml, the inhibition zone is 14.1 mm, and at a concentration of 100 mg/ml, MRSA bacteria obtained an inhibition zone of 14.3 mm. Conclusions: The ethanol extract inhibits the growth of S. aureus and MRSA.

Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Sirih Cina Leaves (Peperomia pellucida) Using TLC-Bioautography and Agar Diffusion Methods

Sirih cina leaf (Peperomia pellucida) is a plant that contains active compounds of alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids and phenols that have potential antibacterial activity. This research aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of sirih cina leaves (Peperomia pellucida) using the TLC-Bioautography and Agar Diffusion methods. Sirih cina leaf (Peperomia pellucida) was extracted by maceration and evaporated to obtain a thick extract. Screening test result showed that the extract was active at a concentration of 0.1% against the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results of antibacterial activity testing using the TLC-Bioautography method using the eluent methanol: chloroform (1:4) showed results with Rf values = 0.94, 0.80, 0.65, 0.54, 0.40, 0.30, 0.21, 0.10 against the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In determining the MIC, the value obtained was the same for the three test bacteria at a concentration of 0.5%, while the KBM value was at a concentration of 2% for Propionibacterium acnes bacteria, a concentration of 0.5% for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, and a concentration of 1% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The results of antibacterial activity testing using the Agar Diffusion method obtained the largest inhibitory zone diameter at a concentration of 16% against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria with an inhibitory zone diameter of 23.20 mm, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with an inhibitory zone diameter of 23.63 mm, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria with an inhibitory zone diameter. 24.48mm

Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Larch Sponge Fruiting Body

Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria is a worldwide problem. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the evaluation of plants and fungi with antibacterial activity against various infectious agents. The antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Laricifomes officinalis (Vill.) Kotl. et Pouzar (Polyporaceae) fruiting body was studied. Activity was assessed using the disk diffusion method. L.officinalis ethanol extract showed high activity against Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, as well as moderate activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. Listeria monocytogenes were not sensitive to ethanol extract of the fruiting body of L.officinalis.

In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Tanao Si Kan Dang RD1 (Cannabis sativa L.) Extracts Against Human Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> A new strain of cannabis, <i>Cannabis sativa</i> L. Tanao Si Kan Dang RD1, has been approved and registered by the Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Thailand. The <i>C. sativa</i> is acknowledged for its medicinal properties which demonstrated various therapeutic properties, such as anti-cancer and antibacterial activities. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts from the stems and leaves of the Tanao Si Kan Dang RD1 strain against seven antibiotic-resistant bacteria. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> The primary antibacterial activity of ethanolic Tanao Si Kan Dang RD1 extracts were determined using the disc diffusion method, while the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined using the broth microdilution method. <b>Results:</b> The largest inhibition zone, measuring 12 mm, was observed in leaf extracts against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> 101. The lowest MIC, at 0.78 mg/mL, was obtained from stem extracts against <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i>. The lowest MBCs, at 12.5 mg/mL, were observed in leaf extracts against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, multidrug-resistant <i>Klebsiella</i> <i>pneumoniae</i>, <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> 101 and stem extracts against <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, multidrug-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> 101. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study presents a novel finding regarding the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts from the leaves and stems of Tanao Si Kan Dang RD1 against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The potential application of these cannabis plant extracts in the development of antibiotics capable of combating antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria represents a promising strategy to address a significant global health concern.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TIN LEAVES (Ficus carica L.) ETHANOL EXTRACT AGAINST THE BACTERIA Salmonella typhi

Tin (Ficus carica L.) is a plant from the Moraceae family that contains phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, steroids, tannins. The purpose of this research was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of tin leaves against Salmonella typhi bacteria by using the disc diffusion method. Disc paper containing antimicrobials is placed on a medium that has been planted with microorganisms that will diffuse into the media, the clear area indicates an inhibition of microorganism growth. The concentrations of ethanol extract tin leaves used were 10% and 5%. The strength of antibacterial activity can be seen through the parameter of inhibitory strength. Inhibition area 20 mm or more (very strong), 10-20 mm (strong), 5-10 mm (medium) and 5 mm (less). The results showed that the ethanol extract of tin leaves had strong antibacterial activity.

Antibacterial, bacteriolytic, antibiofilm, and synergistic effects of Curcuma species ethanol extracts with antibiotic against multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Introduction: Curcuma species have shown antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The current study was conducted to analyze the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of Curcuma species rhizomes, including Curcuma domestica, C. xanthorrhiza, C. mangga, C. zedoaria, and C. aeruginosa against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR P. aeruginosa). Furthermore, the mechanism action of Curcuma species in combination with antibiotic against MDR P. aeruginosa and its chemical component were also investigated. Methods: Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was carried out by the microdilution method. The synergistic effects of the extract and tetracycline were determined by the checkerboard method. The effect of the combination of Curcuma species and tetracycline to prevent bacterial resistance was investigated using inhibition of biofilm formation, permeability of bacterial cell membrane, and EtBr accumulation methods. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was also performed. Results: MIC of C. domestica, C. xanthorrhiza, and C. mangga against MDR P. aeruginosa were 125, 250, and 125 µg/mL, respectively. C. xanthorrhiza ethanol extract (7.8 µg/mL) in combination with tetracycline (1.9 µg/mL) revealed a synergistic activity with Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) value of 0.06. The combination of C. xanthorrhiza ethanol extract and tetracycline showed inhibitory effects on biofilm formation and efflux pump of MDR P. aeruginosa. This combination also had bacteriolytic activity. GC-MS analysis led to the identification of ar-turmerone (11.63%) and xanthorrhizol (11.36%) as the major compounds. Conclusion: Combination of C. xanthorrhiza ethanol extract and tetracycline might be developed as an alternative treatment against MDR P. aeruginosa.

Antibacterial Activity of Extract Green Seaweed Ulva intestinalis in North Waters of Aceh

The appearance of bacterial resistance and pathogenic infections makes efforts to find new drugs as natural bacterial agents continue. One of them is through the utilization of marine organisms such as seaweed. Some studies show the content of seaweed bioactive compounds has potential in the pharmacological field. This study aims to determine the type of secondary metabolite compounds and antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Ulva intestinalis. Seaweed extraction using the maceration method for 3 x 24 hours and antibacterial activities were tested by disc diffusion method. The results showed that there were 5 types of secondary metabolite compounds in the extract, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and steroids. The antibacterial activity test of seaweed extract against Propionibacterium acnes and Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria in the concentration range of 50% to 100% showed a moderate inhibition zone diameter

Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia mantaly Stem Ethanol Extract as Hand Sanitizer Gel

Background: Hand sanitizers generally contain alcohol. However, it can cause dry and irritated skin. Therefore, it is necessary to find antibacterial alternatives that are safe for the skin. One of the plants that has antibacterial activity is Terminalia mantaly (T. mantaly). This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract and hand sanitizer gel of T. mantaly.Methods: The antibacterial activity test against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae) was carried out using the liquid micro dilution method. The phytochemical tests were also performed. This study was conducted at the Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Sains and Informatics, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani in April-June 2022.Results: The ethanol extract of T. mantaly stem contained secondary metabolites of alkaloids, tannins, quinones, saponins, steroids, and flavonoids. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of T. mantaly stem ethanol extract against Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes were 0.63%, 0.63%, 0.16%, and 0.16%, whereas the hand sanitizer gel gave MIC values of 0.63%; 0.31%; 0.16%; and 0.16% respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of T. mantaly stem ethanol extract and hand sanitizer gel had the same results, namely 2.50%, 0.16%, 1.25%, and 1.25%. The physical stability of the hand sanitizer gel from the ethanol extract of T. mantaly stem met the physical stability standards of the gel. Conclusions: The ethanol extract of the T. mantaly stems has stronger antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria than against gram- negative bacteria.       

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BENALU BATU (Begonia sp) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli

Empirically, begonia leaves are used as a treatment for cancer and ulcers. contains chemical compounds of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and steroids. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of begonia and its effective concentration against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Extraction with 96% ethanol extract using the maceration method. Phytochemical screening test, antibacterial test using various concentrations of 30%, 50%, 100%, positive control (ciprofloxacin) and negative control (aquadest steril) using the disk diffusion method. The results of the phytochemical screening of begonia extract contain alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins. The results of the antibacterial activity test for Staphylococcus aureus were obtained with an inhibitory zone concentration of 30%, namely 3.75 mm, 50%, namely 4.37 mm, and 100%, namely 4.87 mm. Meanwhile, Escherichia coli bacteria obtained a concentration of 30%, namely 4.37mm, 50%, namely 4.62 mm, and 100% is nm 4.75mm. The diameter of the inhibition zone for the positive control of ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was 40.31mm and Escherichia coli was 44.12mm. The ethanol extract of begonia leaves can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at a concentration of 100% is 4.87mm and Escherichia coli bacteria at a concentration of 100% is 4.75mm

Antibacterial activity of tekelan leaf ethanol extract (Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King and H. Rob) against of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria

Background: Indonesia is a tropical country, so the prevalence of infectious diseases caused by bacteria still remains high. On the other hand, the intense use of antibacterial agent in Indonesia causes a tendency for bacterial resistance to existing antibacterial drugs. One of the herbal plants that is widely used by some people is tekelan leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of an ethanol extract of tekelan leaves on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Methods: Simplisia of tekelan leaves was tested for secondary metabolites and simplisa characterization testing. Antibacterial activity testing is carried out by the disc paper method, where the disc paper is immersed in the test solution with a comparison of the test concentration. Results: The results of phytochemical screening show that the secondary metabolites of tekelan leaves are alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids/triterpenoids, tannins, and glycosides. The results of the characterization of simplisia moisture content are 7.99%, water-soluble juice content is 13.29%, ethanol-soluble juice content is 12.18%, total ash content is 7.45%, and insoluble acid ash content is 0.92%. The observation of the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of tekelan leaves was carried out by the disc diffusion method. The test results showed that the ethanol extract of tekelan leaves was categorized as moderate at concentrations of 1% and 2% and as strong at concentrations of 4%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The conclusion of this study is that ethanol extract had activity to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and the MIC value obtained 0.7%. Conclusions: The conclusion of this study is that ethanol extract had activity to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.

Antibacterial Test Of Avocado Leaf Ethanol Extract (Persea americana Mill) On Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria

Avocado leaves are one plant that can be used as an antibacterial. The chemical content of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins has the potential to inhibit bacterial growth. This research aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of avocado leaves against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This research uses laboratory experiments using samples of avocado leaf extract (Persea viiiegativeviii Mill). With concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% using the diffusion method. The ability of avocado leaf extract to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus bacteria can be seen from the size of the inhibition zone, namely positive by looking at the area of the inhibition zone around the disc using a caliper. This research shows that the diameter of the inhibition zone for Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 20% has an inhibition zone diameter of 8.81 mm, namely the medium category, a concentration of 40% has an inhibition zone diameter of 10.11 mm, namely the strong category, a concentration of 60% has an inhibition zone diameter. of 10.71 mm, namely the strong category, a concentration of 80% has an inhibitory zone diameter of 12.16 mm, namely the strong category. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of avocado leaves has activity to inhibit staphylococcus aureus bacteria

Phytochemical evaluation and in-vitro antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Moroccan Lavandula x intermedia leaves and flowers

Abstract. Fliou J, Spinola F, Riffi O, Zriouel A, Amechrouq A, Nalbone L, Giuffrida A, Giarratana F. 2023. Phytochemical evaluation and in-vitro antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Moroccan Lavandula x intermedia leaves and flowers. Biodiversitas 24: 5788-5796. This study performed a preliminary evaluation of the phytochemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of Lavandula x intermedia leaves and flowers collected in the Fez-Meknes region of Morocco. Phytochemical analyses comprised qualitative colorimetric determinations of alkaloids, anthraquinones, and terpenes and quantitative analysis of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and condensed tannins by UV spectrophotometer. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against different ATCC bacterial strains. The phytochemical analysis showed a high amount of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins in the leaf extract and a higher amount of terpenes based on colorimetric reaction than the flower extract. A positive colorimetric reaction for alkaloids and anthraquinones was detected for both extracts. The antibacterial activity of leaves and flower extract was not different against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains (p<0.05). The results of the present study suggest the possible use of ethanolic extracts of L. x intermedia collected in the Fez-Meknes region of Morocco as a natural agent against bacterial pathogens.

Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract from Morinda citrifolia L. leaves and fruits collected in Tan Hung district, Long An province, Vietnam

The study investigated antibacterial activity of Morinda citrifolia L. collected in Tan Hung district, Long An Province in Vietnam. Antimicrobial activity of Morinda citrifolia L. was evaluated based on size of antibacterial zones of ethanol leaf and fruit extracts by agar well diffusion method. The results showed that ethanol leaf and fruit extracts produced growth inhibition zones against tested bacteria with diameters of smaller than 9.0 mm (1.80 - 6.72 mm and 1.66 - 8.06 mm, respectively). The lowest ethanol concentration of extracts inhibited growth of tested bacteria was 200 mg mL-1 and their antibacterial activity increased with increase in tested concentrations. In general, antibacterial effects of fruit extracts were higher than those of leaf extracts on bacterial growth. Antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of Morinda citrifolia L. leaves and fruits were evaluated at weak degrees, according to Manuanza’s rating scale of antibacterial zones.

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Galoba (Hornstedtia alliaceae) Seeds Extract

Hornstedtia alliacea has been traditionally used by indigenous people for a variety of medicinal purposes. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of Galoba seeds (Hornstedtia alliacea) against standard bacterial cultures of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-29213) and  Escherichia coli (FNCC-6183) using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The phytochemical tests were carried out to determine the presence of active substances which are antibacterial in the results of the extraction. The color intensity or the precipitate formation was used as analytical response to these tests. The major phytochemical constituents identified in galoba seeds ethanol extracts were tannins, flavonoids, saponins, quinones, and steroids. The antibacterial assay showed that galoba seed extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli.  The diameter of the inhibition zone increased as the extract concentration increased. The largest inhibition zone for S. aureus was at a concentration of 100% with a diameter of 20.93 mm and the largest inhibition zone for E. coli was at a concentration of 100% with a diameter of 18.05 mm. The results of this study indicated that the plant contains some major bioactive compounds that inhibit the growth of microorganisms, thereby showing great potency as an effective source of drugs. The phytochemical analysis also reveals that the plant contains similar constituents useful for medicinal purposes.

Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Qust Al Hindi Plant Root (Saussurea Lappa) Against Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by TLC-Bioautography

The Indian Costus plant (Saussurea lappa) possesses the ability as an antibacterial, which contains alkaloid compounds, whereas this study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Indian Costus plant root (Saussurea lappa). The extraction process of Indian Costus plant root simplicia (Saussurea lappa) was carried out using the Soxhlet method with 96% ethanol as a solvent, and then evaporated with a rotavapor to obtain a viscous extract. Screening tests were carried out by giving ethanol extract of Indian Costus plant root (Saussurea lappa) with a concentration of 0.1% to 2 test bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Thereafter, the Thin Layer Chromatography-Bioautography test was carried out, followed by identification of chemical compounds. The screening test results obtained showed that the ethanol extract of Indian Costus plant root (Saussurea lappa) provided activity against 2 test bacteria at a concentration of 0.1%. The Thin Layer Chromatography-Bioautography test results indicated that there were 3 spots that were formed with Rf values of 0.67, 0.60, 0.54, 0.45, 0.43 providing activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The chemical identification of ethanol extract of Indian Costus plant roots (Saussurea lappa) yeilded positive result for the presence of alkaloids. Based on the activity of the ethanol extract of Indian Costus plant root (Saussurea lappa), it is known that it has potential as an antibacterial.

Unveiling the bioactive potential of Pimpinella anisum L. leaf extracts: Chromatographic profiling, antimicrobial efficiency, and cytotoxicity analysis.

In various countries, Pimpinella has been used to cure several diseases for centuries. Therefore, we focus on one of its potent species in this research. The aim of this experimental study was to document the various extracts derived from Pimpinella anisum that can effectively eradicate oral pathogens. In addition, the presence of antioxidants, antimicrobials, and cytotoxicity was determined using chromatographic testing methods. The alkaloid range was from 22.34 ± 043 mg/g, and the saponin range was from 15.1 ± 1.07 mg/g. HPLC analysis showed that the samples contained eight identified phenolic compounds. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract exhibited the highest inhibition region against Streptococcus iniae (43 ± 0.6 mm) and the lowest inhibition region against Staphylococcus haemolyticus (19 ± 0.2mm) in 200 mg/mL of leaf ethanolic extracts. The antifungal activity revealed that ethanol showed the maximum inhibition zone against Aspergillus luchuensis (42.5 ± 0.19 mm) and the minimum inhibition zone against Aspergillus kawachii (15 ± 0.13 mm) in 200 mg/mL. The current study suggested that, after the isolation of individual components, P. anisum be investigated for assessing biological activity. The mixture and various combinations of these compounds may indicate a truly potent agent that is novel in its ability to combat a wide range of bacteria and oral pathogens.

Analysis of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of cocoa pod husk extract (Theobroma cacao L.)

Background: Theobroma cacao bean manufacturing worldwide includes undesired byproducts such as cocoa pod husks. Cocoa pods contain a variety of beneficial chemicals, including polyphenols. Polyphenols have a vital function in the treatment of many illnesses and infections of the oral cavity. This is due to their vital qualities in the oral cavity, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant actions. Purpose: The goal of this study was to look at the antioxidant content and antibacterial activity of cocoa pod husk extract (Theobroma cacao L.) against Phorphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Methods: Cocoa pod husk extract was produced using an ultrasonic homogenizer and 70% ethanol. Thin layer chromatography and the Folin–Ciocalteu test were used to determine the phytochemical content and total phenolic content of the extract. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate technique was used to measure antioxidant activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests were used to measure the antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract at concentrations of 1, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 mg/ml using a deep-well broth microdilution technique. Results: The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids was discovered in the cocoa pod husk extract. Conclusion: The antioxidant activity of the extract was significant (IC50 = 62 ppm), and the MIC of P. gingivalis and S. mutans was 16 mg/ml and 8 mg/ml, respectively.

Effectiveness of Curcuma domestica leave extract in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the Gram-negative bacteria that causes nosocomial infection in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The therapy provided could be antibiotics and the provision of therapy is considered difficult due to antibiotic resistance; therefore, an alternative is needed such as active ingredients from medicinal plants. Turmeric (Curcuma domestica) is believed to have compounds that have antibacterial activities. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activities of ethanol extract from turmeric leaves against the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. An experimental study was conducted using posttest-only design. Antibacterial activities were determined using disc diffusion method with concentration of 50%, 75%, and 100% Curcuma domestica extract. The positive and negative controls were ciprofloxacin and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), respectively. The inhibition zone of 50%, 75%, and 100% extract groups against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 8.9 mm, 10.6 mm, and 11.8 mm, respectively. There was no significant different of antibacterial activities between different concentrations of Curcuma domestica (50%, 75% and 100% of extracts). All groups of Curcuma domestica extract had lower antibacterial activities significantly than ciprofloxacin (positive control). This data indicated that the leave extract of Curcuma domestica had a weak inhibition against the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) Wight and Arn. Leaves against Foodborne Pathogens

Pathogens spread on food items during the stages of storage, transit and processing. Thus, the eradication of these microorganisms holds significant importance. Ethanolic extract of Terminalia coriacea was used against Escherichia coli NCIM2134, Pseudomonas  aeroginosa NCIM2037, Klebsiella pneumonia NCIM2706, Bacillus subtilis NCIM2920, Staphylococcus aureus NCIM5345 and  Staphylococcus epidermidis NCIM5755 by disk diffusion and microdilution methods to evaluate the antibacterial activity. The ethanolic  extract of Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) leaves gave significant activity against all tested species of bacteria, which was compared to the  standard disinfectant of 0.1% of commercial chlorhexidine. The inhibitions zones ranged from 6.45 ± 0.82 to 9.52 ± 0.30 for different  bacterial strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was observed, ranging from 0.73 mg/mL to 1.35 mg/mL and the  minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was observed, ranging from 0.73 mg/mL to 2.50 mg/mL. Based on the obtained results, it is  suggested that the T. coriacea demonstrates antimicrobial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial  strains commonly encountered in food products. This plant extract can be further developed for the sanitizing of food items. 

Antibacterial Activities of Cassia angustifolia Leaf Ethanolic Extract against Various Multiple Drug Resistant Microorganisms

Cassia angustifolia is a plant best known for its medicinal properties, commonly known as Indian Senna. This is a flowering plant belonging to the Fabaceae family. In this Study, the antibacterial activities of ethanolic extract of Cassia angustifolia leaves were evaluated against MDR Microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was assessed against a range of bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli (MDR), Klebsiella sp. (MDR), Pseudomonas sp. (MDR), and Acinetobacter sp. (MDR). The result showed that the leaf extract of Cassia angustifolia exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against all tested MDR Microorganisms. The phytochemical content of the plant includes many bioactive compounds like Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Steroids and quinones etc which may be responsible for the observed antimicrobial activities. These findings suggest that Indian Senna, which could be used to develop new drugs for the treatment of resistant bacterial infections.